Starter for Forklift

Forklift Starters - The starter motor nowadays is normally either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor that consists of a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it could be a permanent-magnet composition. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, mainly via a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion which is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear which is found on the engine flywheel.

The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, that starts to turn. When the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in just a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this manner via the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion remains engaged, for example as the operator fails to release the key as soon as the engine starts or if the solenoid remains engaged in view of the fact that there is a short. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.

This aforesaid action prevents the engine from driving the starter. This is an essential step because this type of back drive will allow the starter to spin so fast that it could fly apart. Unless adjustments were done, the sprag clutch arrangement will stop utilizing the starter as a generator if it was used in the hybrid scheme discussed earlier. Typically a regular starter motor is designed for intermittent use which will stop it being utilized as a generator.

Thus, the electrical components are designed to be able to work for around less than 30 seconds so as to avoid overheating. The overheating results from very slow dissipation of heat because of ohmic losses. The electrical components are intended to save weight and cost. This is the reason nearly all owner's handbooks utilized for automobiles recommend the driver to stop for at least ten seconds right after every ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine which does not turn over instantly.

In the early part of the 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Previous to that time, a Bendix drive was used. The Bendix system functions by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. Once the starter motor begins spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, therefore engaging with the ring gear. Once the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear allows the pinion to exceed the rotating speed of the starter. At this instant, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear.

In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was developed. The overrunning-clutch design that was made and introduced during the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive has a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights within the body of the drive unit. This was a lot better because the standard Bendix drive utilized in order to disengage from the ring when the engine fired, even if it did not stay functioning.

When the starter motor is engaged and begins turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. When the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, like for instance it is backdriven by the running engine, and after that the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and enables the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, therefore unwanted starter disengagement could be avoided prior to a successful engine start.

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